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Date:
March 5, 2021

New Rules for Regulation of Digital Platforms in India

India's government has established new rules for digital news organizations, social media intermediaries and OTT platforms under the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, released by the Electronics & Information Technology Ministry and the Information & Broadcasting Ministry on Feb. 25 2021.

Framed under the Information Technology Act or the IT Act, 2000, the guidelines for digital media and OTT will become active on the date of publication in the official Gazette of India . The rules consist of three main parts, where Part I defines the terms and Parts II and III delineates compliance requirements. The regulation of social media intermediaries like WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook, Instagram etc., is detailed in Part II and will be overseen by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). Regulations for digital news media and OTT platforms like Netflix, Hotstar, Amazon Prime etc., are contained in Part III, which will be managed by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.

Under the IT Act, 2000, OTT platforms were not previously regulated. The new rules however, framed under this Act, seek to exercise the power to regulate them, which can constitutionally only be done via a parliamentary enactment.

Code of Ethics
A Code of Ethics for OTT platforms is outlined in the Appendix of the Rules, under which is present a three tier Grievance Redressal mechanism. Level I -- Self-regulation by the applicable entity, Level II -- Self-regulation by the self-regulating bodies of the applicable entities and Level III -- Oversight mechanism by the Central Government. There does not appear to be any legislative backing or a parliamentary law behind the Oversight Mechanism, which also allows the Ministry emergency powers to block content.

Grievance Redressal and Self-Regulating Mechanism
Level I states that OTT platforms must draw up a grievance redressal mechanism which will be headed by a Grievance Officer who must be an Indian citizen. A 15-day time period has been allocated for the Grievance Officer to address the complaint and revert, beyond which it will be escalated to Level II. In case the complainant is not satisfied with the publisher's decision, they also have the choice to appeal to the self-regulating body in Level II within 15 days of receiving such a decision.

Level II contains the independent self-regulating body, comprising of publishers or their associations and is expected to be headed by a retired judge of either the Supreme Court, High Court or any eminent personality from the fields of media, broadcasting, entertainment or other relevant fields and have a maximum of six other members from these fields. This body must register itself with the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting and has the power to provide warnings, censure, admonish or reprimand the publisher, require an apology from the publisher, reclassify ratings, make changes to the content descriptors, synopsis, access control measures of the content or even censor the content. It will then pass on its decision to the publisher in the form of a guidance or advisory and inform the complainant of its decision within 15 days.

In Level III, if the complainant is not satisfied by the self-regulating body's decision, they can appeal to the Oversight Mechanism of the Central Government within 15 days of receiving the decision. Non-compliance by the publisher to the self-regulating body's directions can also result in the complaint being forwarded to Level III. This level comprises an Inter-Departmental Committee consisting of representatives from the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Ministry of Women & Child Development, Ministry of Law & Justice, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry of Defense and such other Ministries and Organizations, including domain experts. The Chairman of the Committee will be a Joint Secretary from the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. The primary objective of this Committee will be to address complaints regarding decisions taken at Levels I and II, and it is empowered to delete or modify content for preventing incitement to the commission of a cognizable offence relating to public order.

Rules for providers of OTT content
OTT content publishers are forbidden from showing any content that is prohibited under Indian law. There is also mention of exercising caution when showing content that can be detrimental to the sovereignty and integrity of India or has the potential to cause friction with its allies. Additionally, OTT providers are asked to remain sensitive when portraying the culture, beliefs, practices or views of any racial or religious group in the country. Also required is self-classification of the OTT content into five new age-based categories -- U (Universal), U/A 7+, U/A 13+, U/A 16+, and A (Adult). Access control mechanisms like parental locks for content classified U/A 13+ or higher and reliable age verification mechanisms for content classified as "A" must be implemented by the OTT providers.

A major concern for OTT providers is the Oversight Committee's power to block access to content that it deems unfit for the public which is seen as the government's overreach to suppress creativity. However, the secretary of the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Amit Khare, moved to quash these concerns -- "There will be no authoritarian process. The regulation system is accountable to the courts. Any misuse of power can be checked."

Khare said that these rules represent a paradigm shift in policy. "As of now, any movie that released to theaters needs to be approved by the Classification Board, but for these OTT platforms, no such requirement is there. The government has left the decision up to them. They can decide what labels to use. The idea is that the viewer should be aware of what they will be watching."

He stressed that government would in no way alter the content available. "Films only have three categories, while we have provided five for OTT platforms. The government is willing to consider extending a similar classification for movies released in theatres as well." Khare also highlighted how OTT platforms have democratized entertainment. "These rules were debated for over a year-and-a-half. We have also taken a conscious decision to not set up a web portal where grievances can be filed as we wanted to make sure people didn't think the government was needlessly interfering," he said. "The people can directly complain to the platform and if the complaint is not resolved by their standards, it can be escalated to the ministry."

Related Insights

YouTube Thumbnails Can Get You in Trouble

Here’s Why Creators Should Pay Attention

When we talk about content compliance on YouTube, most people think of the video content itself — what’s said, what’s shown, and how it’s edited. But there’s another part of the video that carries serious consequences if it violates YouTube policy: the thumbnail.

Thumbnails aren’t just visual hooks — they’re promos and they’re subject to the same content policies as videos. According to YouTube’s official guidelines, thumbnails that contain nudity, sexual content, violent imagery, misleading visuals, or vulgar language can be removed, age-restricted, or lead to a strike on your channel. Repeat offenses can even result in demonetization or channel termination. That’s a steep price to pay for what some may think of as a simple promotional image.

The Hidden Risk in a Single Frame

The challenge? The thumbnail is often selected from the video itself — either manually or auto-generated from a frame. Creators under tight deadlines or managing high-volume channels may not take the time to double-check every frame. They may let the platform choose it automatically. This is where things get risky.

A few seconds of unblurred nudity, a fleeting violent scene, or a misleading expression of shock might seem harmless in motion. But when captured as a still image, those same moments can trigger YouTube’s moderation systems — or worse, violate the platform’s Community Guidelines.

Let’s say your video includes a horror scene with simulated gore. It might pass YouTube’s rules with an age restriction. But if the thumbnail zooms in on a blood-splattered face, that thumbnail could be removed, and your channel could be penalized. Even thumbnails that are simply “too suggestive” or “misleading” can get flagged.

Misleading Thumbnails: Not Just Clickbait — a Violation

Another common mistake is using a thumbnail that implies something the video doesn’t deliver — for example, suggesting nudity, shocking violence, or sexually explicit content that never appears in the video. These aren’t just bad for audience trust; they’re a clear violation of YouTube’s thumbnail policy.

Even if your content is compliant, the wrong thumbnail can cause very real problems.

The Reality for Content Creators

It’s essential to recognize that YouTube’s thumbnail policy doesn’t exist in isolation. It intersects with other rules around child safety, nudity, vulgar language, violence, and more. A thumbnail with vulgar text, even if the video is educational or satirical, may still result in age restrictions or removal. A still frame with a suggestive pose, even if brief and unintended in the video itself, can be enough to get flagged.

And for creators monetizing their work, especially across multiple markets, the risk goes beyond visibility. A flagged thumbnail can reduce ad eligibility, limit reach, or cut off monetization entirely. Worse, a pattern of violations can threaten a channel’s long-term viability.

What’s a Creator to Do?

First, you need to know how to spot the problem and then know what to do about it. Second, you need to know if the changes you make might affect its acceptance in other markets or countries. Only then can you manually scrub through your video looking for risky frames. You can review policies and try to stay up to date on the nuances of what YouTube considers “gratifying” versus “educational” or “documentary.” But doing this at scale — especially for a growing content library — is overwhelming.  

That’s where a tool like SpherexAI can help.

A Smarter Way to Stay Compliant

SpherexAI uses frame-level and scene-level analysis to flag potential compliance issues — not just in your video, but in any frame that could be selected as a thumbnail. Using its patented knowledge graph, which includes every published regulatory and platform rule, it will prepare detailed and accurate edit decision lists that tell you not only what the problem is, but also for each of your target audiences. Whether you're publishing to a single audience or distributing globally, SpherexAI checks your content against YouTube’s policies and localized cultural standards.

For creators trying to grow their brand, monetize their work, and stay in good standing with platforms, that kind of precision can mean the difference between success and a takedown notice.

Want to know if your content is at risk? Learn how SpherexAI can help you protect your channel and optimize every frame — including the thumbnail. Contact us to learn more.

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Automating Peace of Mind: Navigating YouTube's Global Guidelines with SpherexAI

For media companies distributing content across YouTube, compliance is no longer just a legal requirement—it’s a prerequisite for discoverability, monetization, and channel survival. YouTube enforces strict policies governing child safety, vulgarity, graphic content, and cultural sensitivity. For content owners, ensuring compliance across multiple categories and geographies is a complex and labor-intensive process. To address this issue, SpherexAI provides a scalable solution tailored for any content creator or owner.

YouTube’s Expanding Compliance Landscape

YouTube’s Community Guidelines cover a wide array of regulated categories. Content can be removed or age-restricted—and creators may face penalties—if videos violate policies on:

  • Nudity and sexual content: Content that includes sexually gratifying imagery or non-consensual sexualization is prohibited.
  • Violence and graphic imagery: Footage showing serious injury, bodily fluids, or torture intended to shock viewers can be flagged or removed.
  • Child safety: Content that exploits minors, includes inappropriate family content, or features children in dangerous stunts is not allowed.
  • Illegal or regulated goods: YouTube restricts promotion of firearms, narcotics, and gambling services, among others.

Managing compliance with each of these categories—especially when content is global and multilingual—is a logistical challenge for distributors.

Enter SpherexAI: Precision Compliance Automation at Scale

SpherexAI applies multimodal AI to analyze video content across dialogue, visuals, audio, and metadata. It detects compliance issues not only by scanning for policy violations but also by identifying subtle cultural or regional sensitivities that could result in content removal or limited distribution.

For example, the platform flags:

  • Dialogue with excessive profanity or sexual references, aligned with YouTube’s vulgar language policy.
  • Visuals showing partial nudity, firearm use, or dangerous stunts, which may trigger strikes or age restrictions.
  • Culturally sensitive depictions—such as religious imagery or portrayals of death—that may violate local norms and platform rules.

SpherexAI outputs include timestamped alerts and severity levels, allowing content owners to make targeted edits rather than performing full manual reviews.

Equal Rules for All Creators

Whether you’re a major studio releasing film clips or a digital-first creator uploading your first series, YouTube holds all content publishers to the same standards. Community Guidelines are enforced platform-wide, regardless of a channel’s size, history, or market familiarity.

This presents a significant challenge for new entrants. Many first-time creators or distributors may be unaware that a thumbnail featuring misleading imagery, a prank involving minors, or a scene with unedited drug references can lead to demonetization or a channel strike. But YouTube’s enforcement is uniform: content that violates policy is subject to the same sanctions across the board.

SpherexAI helps level the playing field by equipping every content team—regardless of experience—with access to the same tools used by top studios. Its patented knowledge graph, built on over a decade of regulatory insight and expert human annotation, powers its AI models with unmatched precision. The result: faster reviews, greater accuracy, and fewer costly mistakes.

Cross-Platform, Region-Aware, and Regulation-Ready

Unlike tools focused on metadata or age ratings alone, SpherexAI delivers:

  • Granular analysis: Scene-by-scene breakdowns for violence, vulgarity, sexual content, and self-harm risks.
  • Cultural intelligence: Predictive models assess content suitability across 240+ territories using Spherex’s proprietary “cultural distance” framework.
  • Workflow integration: The platform’s API allows integration into existing supply chains and CMS platforms for automated review at scale.

Reducing Risk, Unlocking Revenue

YouTube’s monetization eligibility hinges on content safety. Channels can be demonetized or de-prioritized in search and recommendation if flagged for repeated violations. Well-known creators Logan Paul, ScreenCulture, and LH Studios have all been sanctioned for violations. By proactively identifying and resolving compliance issues before publishing, SpherexAI empowers content owners to:

  • Avoid strikes or takedowns
  • Retain monetization rights
  • Accelerate time-to-market
  • Protect brand reputation

Conclusion

YouTube is a dynamic platform for global content distribution that requires rigorous adherence to evolving content standards. For studios, broadcasters, and new creators alike, SpherexAI offers an AI-powered safety net automating policy compliance while preserving creative integrity. When SpherexAI is integrated into your production workflow, you can publish confidently at scale, with full compliance, and with no brand risk.

Ready to streamline compliance and expand your YouTube strategy globally?

Book a demo or visit spherex.com to learn how SpherexAI can support your team.

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Spherex CEO Teresa Phillips Talks Practical AI for Global Content Localization at EnTech Fest

At this year’s DEG EnTech Fest, Spherex CEO and Co-Founder Teresa Phillips joined a panel to explore one of the most practical and impactful uses of AI in entertainment today: localization.

During the session titled “Practical AI For Speed and Savings in Localization,” Phillips shared how Spherex is leveraging AI to deliver “deep video understanding” that accelerates compliance and rating decisions in over 200 markets. As she explained, understanding the context—cultural, visual, and narrative—is crucial in determining whether a piece of content is suitable for audiences worldwide.

“AI can now detect not just what happens in a scene, but how it might be interpreted in different cultural and regulatory environments,” said Phillips. For example, in Scandinavian countries, if a trusted figure, such as a clergy member, commits an unethical act onscreen, it can dramatically impact a film’s age rating. SpherexAI is trained to identify these nuanced moments, flagging them for human review when needed.

Phillips also highlighted the role of AI in augmenting human decision-making, noting that “AI agents can be trained to ask humans the right questions—like whether the drinking in a scene is casual or excessive—ensuring more consistent, scalable evaluations.”

The conversation also acknowledged the broader industry shift that AI is bringing to localization workflows—from quality control (QC) to artwork generation, compliance, and project management. With automation poised to displace some entry-level roles, Phillips raised a key question for the future: “If junior roles are the first to be automated, how do we bring new talent into the industry? We have a responsibility in our organizations to create opportunities for the next generation.”

Joining Phillips on the panel were Silviu Epure (Blu Digital Group), Chris Carey (Iyuno), Kelly Summers (The Sherlock Company), and Duncan Wain (Zoo Digital), offering a 360° view on how AI is transforming the way stories cross borders.

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